Industrial Revolution in Great Britain-Free-Samples-Myassignment

Question: Analyse any Major Social Upheaval Regarding the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain. Answer: Thesis Statement: Child labor was considered as the substantial element of Great Britain during the period of Industrial Revolution and began declining just after the revolutionary period. Introduction During the early nineteenth centuries, industrial revolution occurred in Great Britain and it was the first country where industrialization took place in that time. In this period the child labor had been increasing drastically and it became a social and political problem[1]. The children were hired as the primary workers in the textile field in Great Britain. Strict discipline, harsh punishment, and unhealthy working condition were bounded for the children in business industries. Many factories hired the children who had been suffering from the poverty. The child worker only got food and cloth, however; they did not get any wage for their long day work. The child labor was significant during the industrial revolution in Great Britain in terms of the nature of their work and the extent to which they were employed. It has been received that in the mil factories the child labor was rapid. After the revolutionary period, the government of Great Britain had passed many Child Protection A cts, as a result, the child labor began declining after this period. This study deals with the significance of the child labor as well as its declining during the industrial revolution of Great Britain. Discussion Several factors are associated with the industrial revolution in Great Britain. One of the major factors is the social factor. However, the economic and demographic growth plays an important role in the revolution. During the industrial revolution in Great Britain, the society had decided to increase their capital. This adds value to the industrial revolution. The demographic transition occurred during this revolutionary period. Besides the demographic transition, the economic growth had been observed during this revolutionary period. Technological innovation was a great part of this revolution that highlights the economic specialization. Several economic changes took place as for example, various communities moved from the agriculture to the manufacturing zone. The number of goods and service were enhanced as a result the amount of capital that was invested became increased. It can be compared that besides the economic growth the businessman and the managers took the financial risk during this industrial revolution, which often affected their profitability. The major social group was aristocracy on that time, which involved in possessing the mills and the agricultural land and turned the crop into material[2]. It has been analyzed that this social group had a great contribution the development of the industry while the amount of agricultural land began declining, which left a negative impact on the farmers. Significant growth had been noticed in the population during the industrial revolution of Great Britain. However, 57% human population grew in that time, which gave a good opportunity to the industrialists to get much labor[3]. Handling of the natural resources was another factor of this industrial revolution. Oil and gas had a great demand during the industrial revolution in Greta Britain. However, many workers injured and died during the mining of coal. Therefore, transportation of the oil was a major challenge during this revolution. It has been evaluated from the above discussion that handling of the natural resources was a big challenge at this time. Child labor is considered as the most significant social factor that led Britain to get success through their industrial revolution. During this revolutionary period, the factory owners were searching for cheap and fast learning workforces, which could be done by using child labor. As a result, the child became the victims of capita lized greed. The industrialists hired the children from the urban houses. From the statistical data, it has been evaluated that at the end of 18th century around 35% child workers were ten-year-old class boys[4]. This highlights that there was a major demand of the child labor during the industrial revolution of Great Britain as the children are able to provide much labor to enhance the revolution. Industrialists were looking for the children who were below of 18. They targeted 6 to 10 age group of the children to hire them for the work. However, this age group can learn the things easily and give much effort in their work[5]. This was a big opportunity for factory owners. During the industrial revolution, most of the agricultural lands were taken by the industrialists. As a result, the farmers had to come to the city for their livelihood. Hence, the children had been suffering from poverty, which led them to work in the industry. Industrial revolution discarded the rigid social control and influenced the young generation to get married. As a result, the population started to increase, which turned into the child labor. Child labor had a great contribution to the industrialization. It has been found that the local workers and the agricultural workers were not suitable for the industrial production. This situation allowed the factory owners to create new workforce by recruiting child labor. Using the child labor brought many advantages for the industrialists in Great Britain. The child labor is remarkably cheap in comparison to adult worker[6]. As a result, the business expenses can be reduced. In Britain clothes, toys and furniture were produced in bulk amount thus, the factory owner needed low-cost manufacturing. This was done by using child labor. Therefore, the repetitive task needs specific skill and the children were able to learn quickly. This was a major benefit of child labor in the industrial revolution in Great Britain. There was a great debate regarding the child labor during the industrial revolution in Great Britain. The British Parliament passed several laws after observing and getting the proper evidence of the child labor. There were there Factory Acts, which have much importance in reducing the child labor[7]. As for example, the Cotton Factory Regulation Act 1819 was introduced in the 18th century. This Act is based on the child employment in the cotton factory. According to this law, the minimum age of the child labor should be at least 9 and the maximum working hours should not be more than 12 hours. According to the Regulation of Child Labor Law 1833, the children should be paid for their labor in the factory. At the later of the 18th century the Ten Hours Bill of 1847 was introduced by the Britain government. This Act focuses on the 10 hours limited working hour for the children. Apart from this the discipline of the factory provided a new culture to the child worker, where they not only got the economic support but also got a good collaborative working environment[8]. Despite these benefits, the recruitment of the child labor in an insecure working environment highlighted the accidents during the work. This was another cause of the employee turnover. Due to the low wages of the child labor in Great Britain was too low according to their working hour. This was a big drawback of the Industrial Revolution. Implementation of the government acts was beneficial for the children to get a proper wage from the factories. Children were most commonly used in the agricultural firm in Great Britain. From the statistical data, it has been analyzed that 45% of the total child labor of UK were working in the agricultural industry[9]. Therefore, 50% of the total children in the agricultural firm were below 14 in Great Britain during the industrial revolution. One of the major factors behind this child labor is the poor education. In the rural areas, the children did not get an education as a result, the families allowed them to involve in the firm's work to get economic support. On the other hand, it has been found that many children were working in the agricultural industry who was 12 years old. Children were forced to work in the agricultural industry in Great Britain. Approx 25% of the children were working in the condition of the forced labor in the agricultural industry. From this statistical data, it can be evaluated that majority of the students were forced by their parents as well as by the firm's ow ner to work at their early stage of life. The price and wages of the child labor in the firm were not good in Great Britain. However, the children got only a fraction of the amount that was paid to the adult labor. This poor wage was beneficial for the firms, however; it destroyed the lives of children. At the later stage of the industrial revolution, the government of EU announced the amount 4mn to protect the girl child labor. A family of the children acts as the emerging market of the child labor. However, due to the industrialization, the poor urban families allowed their children to work in the factories to get the financial support[10]. The families those were at below poverty level were the major target of the industrialists. They hired children from such families and forced them to work under strict rules. Apart from this, industrialization captured the agricultural lands as a result; the farmers had been struggling for the livelihood. This led the families to force their children to go cities and work in the industries. The working condition of the child labor in factories was not good as they had to suffer many challenges at their early stage of life. The children did not get sufficient wages for their long working hours. The factory owners only gave them food and clothes against their work. The system of the factory was highly criticized for its harsh punishment, low wages, strict rules and unhealthy working condition. There was no safety assurance for the children who were working in the mining industry[11]. The work life was unhealthy, which affected the health of the children. On the other hand, the major drawback of the factory system was the inflexible working hour for the children. Based on the above information it has been analyzed that the working condition of the children was very poor at the early stage of the industrial revolution in Great Britain. The living standard of the children is a big factor of child labor in Great Britain. It has been found in the 18th century the percentage of the low-income group was 16.8%. This highlights that poverty of the EU people[12]. However, the living condition of the poor children was not good. They did not get sufficient resources for their growth. Lack of food, shelter and healthy environment were the major factors that affected the living standard of the children. The children those were at below poverty level were not able to get the education and healthy life. Thus, the living standard of the children is highly criticized for the emergence of child labor. At the later of the 18th century and at the earlier of the 19th century the child labor declined. Just after the industrial revolution in Great Britain the government got many evidences and adopted many laws like Regulation of Child Labor Law, Ten Hours Bill and Cotton Factory Regulation Act. These regulatory efforts played a significant role in reducing the child labor, which was not seen at earlier. Therefore, the educational reformers convinced the native-born population to provide primary school education to their children[13]. In the 19th century, the child labor committees started to eliminate the child labor from the factories. Changes occurred in the political attitudes and the government took progressive reform movement by restricting child labor at that time. The market behavior was changed due to the introduction of the government regulation. The owners of the firms were restricted to force children for work and they had to pay the children properly. This changing attitude of the market restricted the child labor in EU. Therefore, The EU government focused on the economic development of the country in the 19th century, which was beneficial to make child worker free environment. The economic condition began developing in comparison to the 18th century. As a result, the income level of the families became enhanced, which reduced the child labor[14]. Conclusion The entire study deals with the emerging child labor during the industrial revolution in Great Britain. It has been analyzed that after this revolutionary period the child labor began declining. However, the child labor had a huge contribution in the industrial revolution in Great Britain as the owners of the factories were able to provide them low wages and the children were able to show much effort in the work. At the end of the 18th century, the child labor declined due to the introduction of the regulatory acts by the government and the increased awareness among the people. References Botham, Frank W., and Eddie H. Hunt. "Wages in Britain during the industrial revolution."The economic history review40, no. 3 (1987): 380-399. Burnette, Joyce. "Child day?labourers in agriculture: evidence from farm accounts, 17401850."The Economic History Review65, no. 3 (2012): 1077-1099. Cunningham, Hugh. "The decline of child labour: labour markets and family economies in Europe and North America since 1830."The Economic History Review53, no. 3 (2000): 409-428. Flinn, M. W. "English Workers Living Standards during the Industrial Revolution: A Comment."The Economic History Review37, no. 1 (1984): 88-92. Humphries, Jane. "Childhood and child labour in the British industrial revolution."The Economic History Review66, no. 2 (2013): 395-418. Kirby, Peter. "Attendance and work effort in the Great Northern Coalfield, 17751864."The Economic History Review65, no. 3 (2012): 961-983. Minge-Kalman, Wanda. "The industrial revolution and the European family: the institutionalization of childhoodas a market for family labor."Comparative Studies in Society and History20, no. 3 (1978): 454-468. Nardinelli, Clark. "Child labor and the factory acts."The Journal of Economic History40, no. 4 (1980): 739-755. Perkin, Harold J. "The social causes of the British Industrial Revolution."Transactions of the Royal Historical Society18 (1968): 123-143. Pollard, Sidney. "Factory Discipline in the Industrial Revolution."The Economic History Review16, no. 2 (1963): 254-271. Humphries, Jane. "Childhood and child labor in the British industrial revolution." The Economic History Review66, no. 2 (2013): 395-418. Perkin, Harold J. "The social causes of the British Industrial Revolution."Transactions of the Royal Historical Society18 (1968): 123-143. Kirby, Peter. "Attendance and work effort in the Great Northern Coalfield, 17751864."The Economic History Review65, no. 3 (2012): 961-983. Kirby, Peter. "Attendance and work effort in the Great Northern Coalfield, 17751864."The Economic History Review65, no. 3 (2012): 961-983 Humphries, Jane. "Childhood and child labor in the British industrial revolution." The Economic History Review66, no. 2 (2013): 395-418. Botham, Frank W., and Eddie H. Hunt. "Wages in Britain during the industrial revolution."The economic history review40, no. 3 (1987): 380-399 Nardinelli, Clark. "Child labor and the factory acts."The Journal of Economic History40, no. 4 (1980): 739-755 Pollard, Sidney. "Factory Discipline in the Industrial Revolution."The Economic History Review16, no. 2 (1963): 254-271. Burnette, Joyce. "Child day-laborers in agriculture: evidence from farm accounts, 17401850." The Economic History Review65, no. 3 (2012): 1077-1099. Minge-Kalman, Wanda. "The industrial revolution and the European family: the institutionalization of childhoodas a market for family labor."Comparative Studies in Society and History20, no. 3 (1978): 454-468. Humphries, Jane. "Childhood and child labor in the British industrial revolution." The Economic History Review66, no. 2 (2013): 395-418. Flinn, M. W. "English Workers Living Standards during the Industrial Revolution: A Comment."The Economic History Review37, no. 1 (1984): 88-92. Cunningham, Hugh. "The decline of child labor: labor markets and family economies in Europe and North America since 1830." The Economic History Review53, no. 3 (2000): 409-428 Perkin, Harold J. "The social causes of the British Industrial Revolution."Transactions of the Royal Historical Society18 (1968): 123-14